Human System
POLICY Indicators
PR(POLICY)
- (31)Military spending(percent of GDP)
- For members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) it is based on the NATO definition, which covers military-related expenditures of the defense ministry and other ministries. Civilian-type expenditures of defense ministries are excluded. Military assistance is included in the expenditure of the donor country. Purchases of military equipment on credit are recorded at the time the debt is incurred, not at the time of payment. Data for non-NATO countries generally cover expenditure of the ministry of defense; excluded are expenditures on public order and safety, which are classified separately.
- (32)Refugees per capita(ratio of refugees from a country to total population of that country)
- Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) statute, people granted a refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided with temporary protection.
- (33)Poverty(percent of population below national poverty line)
- National poverty rate is the percentage of population living below the national poverty line. The latter is usually estimated by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year.
ST(POLICY)
- (34)Political Rights
- The Freedom House Annual Survey employs
the Political Rights checklist to help determine the degree to which people
can participate in the political process of their country. Each country is
then rated on a seven-category scale, 1 representing the most free and 7
the least free.
- (35)Civil Liberties
- The Freedom House Annual Survey employs
a Civil Liberties checklist to help monitor the progress and decline of human
rights worldwide. As previously, each country is rated on a seven-category
scale, 1 representing the most free and 7 the least free.
- (36)Gini index
- It measures the extent to which the distribution
of income among individuals or households within an economy deviates from
a perfectly equal distribution. A Gini index of zero would represent perfect
equality and an index of 100 would imply perfect inequality—a single person
or household accounting for all income or consumption.
- (37)Corruption Perceptions Index
- International Transparency,
the coalition against corruption, gathers data for the last two years for
all countries to compute the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). CPI (Transparency
International 2007) ranges from 1 to 10 or from the most to the least corrupt
countries and it expresses a degree of misuse of power by public officials
and politicians for private gain such as bribes, favoritism, embezzlement
of money, etc.
RE(POLICY)
- (38)Environmental laws and enforcement
- This index ranges: from
zero to one and is obtained by a subjective assessment on the basis of various
world reports and experts’ knowledge. National environmental laws are included
in the context of this indicator as well as international agreements such
as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
of International Importance, the Convention on International Trade of Endangered
Species (CITES), national environmental laws, etc.
- (39)Tax revenue(percent of GDP)
- Tax revenue refers to compulsory
transfers (payments) to the central government for public purposes. Certain
compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions
are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue
are treated as negative revenue.
WEALTH Indicators
PR(WEALTH)
- (40)GDP implicit deflator(average annual percent growth rates)
- Reflects changes in prices for all final demand categories, such as government
consumption, capital formation, and international rate, as well as the main
component, private final consumption. It is derived as the ratio of current
to constant-price GDP. It is known as inflation indicator affecting the sustainability
of a national economy.
- (41)Imports(percent of GDP)
- Shows the cost plus insurance
and freight value in U.S. dollars of goods purchased from the rest of the
world.
- (42)Unemployment
- Unemployment refers to the share of the labor
force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions
of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
- (43)Unemployment gender gap
- This variable shows the absolute
difference between unemployment rate for female and male labor force.
ST(WEALTH)
- (44)Central government debt(percent of GDP)
- Debt is the entire
stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding
on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as
currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It
is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity
and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock
rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day
of the fiscal year.
- (45)GNI per capita PPP(based on PPP, purchasing power parity)
- PPP GNI is gross national income converted to international dollars using
purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing
power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the total
market value of all final goods and services produced within a country (also
called gross domestic product or GDP), plus income received from other countries
such as interest and dividends, minus similar payments made to other countries.
PPP equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies for a given set
of goods. Thus GNI PPP (U.S.$) is national income converted to international
dollars using a conversion factor. International dollars correspond to the
amount of a given basket of goods and services one could buy in the U.S.
with a given sum of money. Data are in current international dollars. This
indicator is commonly used to evaluate the status of wealth sustainability
at the national level.
- (33)Poverty.
RE(WEALTH)
- (46)Exports(percent of GDP)
- Exports of goods and services
represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the
rest of the world. Exports create wealth.
- (47)Foreign direct investment, net inflows(percent of GDP)
- Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting
management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise
operating in an economy other than that of the investor.
HEALTH Indicators
PR(HEALTH)
- (48)Infant mortality rate
- Number of infants who die before
reaching one year of age, expressed per thousand live births in a given year.
- (49)Maternal mortality rate
- Annual number of deaths from pregnancy
or childbirth related causes per 100,000 live births. A maternal death is
defined by WHO as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
the termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy, including abortion.
- (50)HIV/AIDS prevalence(percent of population aged 15–49)
- Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15–49 who are infected
with HIV.
- (51)Tuberculosis prevalence(per 100,000 population)
- It refers to people with all forms of TB, including TB in people with HIV infection.
- (52)Malaria cases(per thousand people)
- Standardized cases
are derived from the total reported number of cases and an appreciation of
the proportion of these cases that were laboratory-confirmed. Reported cases
per country for the most recent year for which WHO/RBM (World Health Organization/Roll
Back Malaria) received data. The standardized case reporting rate (per 1,000
per year) is calculated by dividing the standardized cases by the national
population size estimated by the United Nations Population Division for the
middle of the year under consideration.
- (26)Mortality from poor air quality.
ST(HEALTH)
- (53)Life expectancy
- Number of years a newborn infant would
live if patterns of mortality prevailing at the time of its birth were to
stay the same throughout its life.
- (54-55)Infants immunized against severe diseases
- Percent of one-year-old
infants immunized against measles54 and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus
(DPT)55.
- (56)Daily per capita calorie supply(percent of total requirements)
- Data taken from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) food balance
sheets. The calories and protein actually consumed may be lower than the
figure shown, depending on how much is lost during home storage, preparation,
and cooking, and how much is fed to pets and domestic animals or discarded.
RE(HEALTH)
- (57)Number of doctors(per thousand people)
- The term doctors
includes physicians that are defined as graduates of any facility or school
of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice,
teaching, research).
- (58)Hospital beds(per thousand people)
- Hospital beds include
inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals
and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic
care are included.
- (59)Public health expenditure(percent of GDP
- Consists of
recurrent and capital spending from government budgets, external borrowings
and grants, and social health insurance funds.
- (60, 61)Access to improved water sources60 and to improved
sanitation61(percent of population)
- The percentage of population
with access to the facilities that can provide them with safe water and sanitation.
Access to the above is a fundamental need and a human right vital for the
dignity and health of all people.
KNOWLEDGE Indicators
PR(KNOW)
- (62-64)Ratio of students to teaching staff(primary62,
secondary63, and tertiary64 education)
- Teaching staff
includes (OECD 2000) professional personnel involved in direct student instruction:
classroom teachers, special education teachers, other teachers who work with
students as a whole class, and chairpersons of departments; it does not include
nonprofessional personnel who support teachers.
ST(KNOW)
- (65, 66)Expected years of schooling; male65 and female66
- Average number of years of formal schooling that a child is expected to receive,
including university education and years spent in repetition. It may also
be interpreted as an indicator of the total educational resources, measured
in school years, a child will require over the course of schooling.
- (67, 68)Net school enrollment ratio; primary67 and secondary68
- Number of children of official school age, as defined by the education system,
enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as percentage of the total
number of children of that age.
- (69)Literacy rate, adult total(percent of people with ages 15 and above)
- Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and
above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement
on their everyday life.
- (70)World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI)
- KEI measures the degree to which a country uses knowledge efficiently to improve its economical
development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of
development of a country or region towards the knowledge economy.
RE(KNOW)
- (71)Public expenditure on R&D(percent of GDP)
- Expenditures
for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public
and private) on creative, systematic activities that increase the stock of
knowledge. Included are fundamental and applied research and experimental
development work leading to new devices, products, or processes.
- (72)Public expenditure on education
- ercentage of GNP accounted
for by public spending on public education plus subsidies to private education
at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. It may exclude spending by
religious schools, which play a significant role in many developing countries.
Data for some countries and for some years refer to spending by the ministry
of education of the central government only, and thus exclude education expenditures
by other central government ministries and departments, local authorities,
and others.
- (73)Personal computers(per thousand people)
- Estimated numbers
of self-contained computers used by a single person. Access to personal computers
promotes knowledge development and educational sustainability.
- (74)Internet users(per thousand people)
- Number of computers directly connected to the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems,
per 10,000 people. Access to the Internet facilitates knowledge acquisition.
- (75)Information and communication technology expenditure(percent
of GDP)
- Information and communications technology expenditures include computer
hardware (computers, storage devices, printers, and other peripherals); computer
software (operating systems, programming tools, utilities, applications,
and internal software development); computer services (information technology
consulting, computer and network systems integration, web hosting, data processing
services, and other services); communications services (voice and data communications
services); and wired and wireless communications equipment.
- (38)Environmental laws and enforcement
- This index ranges: from zero to one and is obtained by a subjective assessment on the basis of various world reports and experts’ knowledge. National environmental laws are included in the context of this indicator as well as international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES), national environmental laws, etc.
- (39)Tax revenue(percent of GDP)
- Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers (payments) to the central government for public purposes. Certain compulsory transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.
WEALTH Indicators
PR(WEALTH)
- (40)GDP implicit deflator(average annual percent growth rates)
- Reflects changes in prices for all final demand categories, such as government
consumption, capital formation, and international rate, as well as the main
component, private final consumption. It is derived as the ratio of current
to constant-price GDP. It is known as inflation indicator affecting the sustainability
of a national economy.
- (41)Imports(percent of GDP)
- Shows the cost plus insurance
and freight value in U.S. dollars of goods purchased from the rest of the
world.
- (42)Unemployment
- Unemployment refers to the share of the labor
force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions
of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
- (43)Unemployment gender gap
- This variable shows the absolute
difference between unemployment rate for female and male labor force.
ST(WEALTH)
- (44)Central government debt(percent of GDP)
- Debt is the entire
stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding
on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as
currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It
is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity
and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock
rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day
of the fiscal year.
- (45)GNI per capita PPP(based on PPP, purchasing power parity)
- PPP GNI is gross national income converted to international dollars using
purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing
power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the total
market value of all final goods and services produced within a country (also
called gross domestic product or GDP), plus income received from other countries
such as interest and dividends, minus similar payments made to other countries.
PPP equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies for a given set
of goods. Thus GNI PPP (U.S.$) is national income converted to international
dollars using a conversion factor. International dollars correspond to the
amount of a given basket of goods and services one could buy in the U.S.
with a given sum of money. Data are in current international dollars. This
indicator is commonly used to evaluate the status of wealth sustainability
at the national level.
- (33)Poverty.
RE(WEALTH)
- (46)Exports(percent of GDP)
- Exports of goods and services
represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the
rest of the world. Exports create wealth.
- (47)Foreign direct investment, net inflows(percent of GDP)
- Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting
management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise
operating in an economy other than that of the investor.
HEALTH Indicators
PR(HEALTH)
- (48)Infant mortality rate
- Number of infants who die before
reaching one year of age, expressed per thousand live births in a given year.
- (49)Maternal mortality rate
- Annual number of deaths from pregnancy
or childbirth related causes per 100,000 live births. A maternal death is
defined by WHO as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
the termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy, including abortion.
- (50)HIV/AIDS prevalence(percent of population aged 15–49)
- Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15–49 who are infected
with HIV.
- (51)Tuberculosis prevalence(per 100,000 population)
- It refers to people with all forms of TB, including TB in people with HIV infection.
- (52)Malaria cases(per thousand people)
- Standardized cases
are derived from the total reported number of cases and an appreciation of
the proportion of these cases that were laboratory-confirmed. Reported cases
per country for the most recent year for which WHO/RBM (World Health Organization/Roll
Back Malaria) received data. The standardized case reporting rate (per 1,000
per year) is calculated by dividing the standardized cases by the national
population size estimated by the United Nations Population Division for the
middle of the year under consideration.
- (26)Mortality from poor air quality.
ST(HEALTH)
- (53)Life expectancy
- Number of years a newborn infant would
live if patterns of mortality prevailing at the time of its birth were to
stay the same throughout its life.
- (54-55)Infants immunized against severe diseases
- Percent of one-year-old
infants immunized against measles54 and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus
(DPT)55.
- (56)Daily per capita calorie supply(percent of total requirements)
- Data taken from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) food balance
sheets. The calories and protein actually consumed may be lower than the
figure shown, depending on how much is lost during home storage, preparation,
and cooking, and how much is fed to pets and domestic animals or discarded.
RE(HEALTH)
- (57)Number of doctors(per thousand people)
- The term doctors
includes physicians that are defined as graduates of any facility or school
of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice,
teaching, research).
- (58)Hospital beds(per thousand people)
- Hospital beds include
inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals
and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic
care are included.
- (59)Public health expenditure(percent of GDP
- Consists of
recurrent and capital spending from government budgets, external borrowings
and grants, and social health insurance funds.
- (60, 61)Access to improved water sources60 and to improved
sanitation61(percent of population)
- The percentage of population
with access to the facilities that can provide them with safe water and sanitation.
Access to the above is a fundamental need and a human right vital for the
dignity and health of all people.
KNOWLEDGE Indicators
PR(KNOW)
- (62-64)Ratio of students to teaching staff(primary62,
secondary63, and tertiary64 education)
- Teaching staff
includes (OECD 2000) professional personnel involved in direct student instruction:
classroom teachers, special education teachers, other teachers who work with
students as a whole class, and chairpersons of departments; it does not include
nonprofessional personnel who support teachers.
ST(KNOW)
- (65, 66)Expected years of schooling; male65 and female66
- Average number of years of formal schooling that a child is expected to receive,
including university education and years spent in repetition. It may also
be interpreted as an indicator of the total educational resources, measured
in school years, a child will require over the course of schooling.
- (67, 68)Net school enrollment ratio; primary67 and secondary68
- Number of children of official school age, as defined by the education system,
enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as percentage of the total
number of children of that age.
- (69)Literacy rate, adult total(percent of people with ages 15 and above)
- Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and
above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement
on their everyday life.
- (70)World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI)
- KEI measures the degree to which a country uses knowledge efficiently to improve its economical
development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of
development of a country or region towards the knowledge economy.
RE(KNOW)
- (71)Public expenditure on R&D(percent of GDP)
- Expenditures
for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public
and private) on creative, systematic activities that increase the stock of
knowledge. Included are fundamental and applied research and experimental
development work leading to new devices, products, or processes.
- (72)Public expenditure on education
- ercentage of GNP accounted
for by public spending on public education plus subsidies to private education
at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. It may exclude spending by
religious schools, which play a significant role in many developing countries.
Data for some countries and for some years refer to spending by the ministry
of education of the central government only, and thus exclude education expenditures
by other central government ministries and departments, local authorities,
and others.
- (73)Personal computers(per thousand people)
- Estimated numbers
of self-contained computers used by a single person. Access to personal computers
promotes knowledge development and educational sustainability.
- (74)Internet users(per thousand people)
- Number of computers directly connected to the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems,
per 10,000 people. Access to the Internet facilitates knowledge acquisition.
- (75)Information and communication technology expenditure(percent
of GDP)
- Information and communications technology expenditures include computer
hardware (computers, storage devices, printers, and other peripherals); computer
software (operating systems, programming tools, utilities, applications,
and internal software development); computer services (information technology
consulting, computer and network systems integration, web hosting, data processing
services, and other services); communications services (voice and data communications
services); and wired and wireless communications equipment.
- (44)Central government debt(percent of GDP)
- Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.
- (45)GNI per capita PPP(based on PPP, purchasing power parity)
- PPP GNI is gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country (also called gross domestic product or GDP), plus income received from other countries such as interest and dividends, minus similar payments made to other countries. PPP equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies for a given set of goods. Thus GNI PPP (U.S.$) is national income converted to international dollars using a conversion factor. International dollars correspond to the amount of a given basket of goods and services one could buy in the U.S. with a given sum of money. Data are in current international dollars. This indicator is commonly used to evaluate the status of wealth sustainability at the national level.
- (33)Poverty.
RE(WEALTH)
- (46)Exports(percent of GDP)
- Exports of goods and services
represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the
rest of the world. Exports create wealth.
- (47)Foreign direct investment, net inflows(percent of GDP)
- Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting
management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise
operating in an economy other than that of the investor.
HEALTH Indicators
PR(HEALTH)
- (48)Infant mortality rate
- Number of infants who die before
reaching one year of age, expressed per thousand live births in a given year.
- (49)Maternal mortality rate
- Annual number of deaths from pregnancy
or childbirth related causes per 100,000 live births. A maternal death is
defined by WHO as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
the termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the
pregnancy, including abortion.
- (50)HIV/AIDS prevalence(percent of population aged 15–49)
- Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15–49 who are infected
with HIV.
- (51)Tuberculosis prevalence(per 100,000 population)
- It refers to people with all forms of TB, including TB in people with HIV infection.
- (52)Malaria cases(per thousand people)
- Standardized cases
are derived from the total reported number of cases and an appreciation of
the proportion of these cases that were laboratory-confirmed. Reported cases
per country for the most recent year for which WHO/RBM (World Health Organization/Roll
Back Malaria) received data. The standardized case reporting rate (per 1,000
per year) is calculated by dividing the standardized cases by the national
population size estimated by the United Nations Population Division for the
middle of the year under consideration.
- (26)Mortality from poor air quality.
ST(HEALTH)
- (53)Life expectancy
- Number of years a newborn infant would
live if patterns of mortality prevailing at the time of its birth were to
stay the same throughout its life.
- (54-55)Infants immunized against severe diseases
- Percent of one-year-old
infants immunized against measles54 and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus
(DPT)55.
- (56)Daily per capita calorie supply(percent of total requirements)
- Data taken from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) food balance
sheets. The calories and protein actually consumed may be lower than the
figure shown, depending on how much is lost during home storage, preparation,
and cooking, and how much is fed to pets and domestic animals or discarded.
RE(HEALTH)
- (57)Number of doctors(per thousand people)
- The term doctors
includes physicians that are defined as graduates of any facility or school
of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice,
teaching, research).
- (58)Hospital beds(per thousand people)
- Hospital beds include
inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals
and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic
care are included.
- (59)Public health expenditure(percent of GDP
- Consists of
recurrent and capital spending from government budgets, external borrowings
and grants, and social health insurance funds.
- (60, 61)Access to improved water sources60 and to improved
sanitation61(percent of population)
- The percentage of population
with access to the facilities that can provide them with safe water and sanitation.
Access to the above is a fundamental need and a human right vital for the
dignity and health of all people.
KNOWLEDGE Indicators
PR(KNOW)
- (62-64)Ratio of students to teaching staff(primary62,
secondary63, and tertiary64 education)
- Teaching staff
includes (OECD 2000) professional personnel involved in direct student instruction:
classroom teachers, special education teachers, other teachers who work with
students as a whole class, and chairpersons of departments; it does not include
nonprofessional personnel who support teachers.
ST(KNOW)
- (65, 66)Expected years of schooling; male65 and female66
- Average number of years of formal schooling that a child is expected to receive,
including university education and years spent in repetition. It may also
be interpreted as an indicator of the total educational resources, measured
in school years, a child will require over the course of schooling.
- (67, 68)Net school enrollment ratio; primary67 and secondary68
- Number of children of official school age, as defined by the education system,
enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as percentage of the total
number of children of that age.
- (69)Literacy rate, adult total(percent of people with ages 15 and above)
- Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and
above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement
on their everyday life.
- (70)World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI)
- KEI measures the degree to which a country uses knowledge efficiently to improve its economical
development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of
development of a country or region towards the knowledge economy.
RE(KNOW)
- (71)Public expenditure on R&D(percent of GDP)
- Expenditures
for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public
and private) on creative, systematic activities that increase the stock of
knowledge. Included are fundamental and applied research and experimental
development work leading to new devices, products, or processes.
- (72)Public expenditure on education
- ercentage of GNP accounted
for by public spending on public education plus subsidies to private education
at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. It may exclude spending by
religious schools, which play a significant role in many developing countries.
Data for some countries and for some years refer to spending by the ministry
of education of the central government only, and thus exclude education expenditures
by other central government ministries and departments, local authorities,
and others.
- (73)Personal computers(per thousand people)
- Estimated numbers
of self-contained computers used by a single person. Access to personal computers
promotes knowledge development and educational sustainability.
- (74)Internet users(per thousand people)
- Number of computers directly connected to the worldwide network of interconnected computer systems,
per 10,000 people. Access to the Internet facilitates knowledge acquisition.
- (75)Information and communication technology expenditure(percent
of GDP)
- Information and communications technology expenditures include computer
hardware (computers, storage devices, printers, and other peripherals); computer
software (operating systems, programming tools, utilities, applications,
and internal software development); computer services (information technology
consulting, computer and network systems integration, web hosting, data processing
services, and other services); communications services (voice and data communications
services); and wired and wireless communications equipment.
- (57)Number of doctors(per thousand people)
- The term doctors includes physicians that are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
- (58)Hospital beds(per thousand people)
- Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
- (59)Public health expenditure(percent of GDP
- Consists of recurrent and capital spending from government budgets, external borrowings and grants, and social health insurance funds.
- (60, 61)Access to improved water sources60 and to improved sanitation61(percent of population)
- The percentage of population with access to the facilities that can provide them with safe water and sanitation. Access to the above is a fundamental need and a human right vital for the dignity and health of all people.
KNOWLEDGE Indicators
PR(KNOW)
- (62-64)Ratio of students to teaching staff(primary62, secondary63, and tertiary64 education)
- Teaching staff includes (OECD 2000) professional personnel involved in direct student instruction: classroom teachers, special education teachers, other teachers who work with students as a whole class, and chairpersons of departments; it does not include nonprofessional personnel who support teachers.
ST(KNOW)
- (65, 66)Expected years of schooling; male65 and female66
- Average number of years of formal schooling that a child is expected to receive, including university education and years spent in repetition. It may also be interpreted as an indicator of the total educational resources, measured in school years, a child will require over the course of schooling.
- (67, 68)Net school enrollment ratio; primary67 and secondary68
- Number of children of official school age, as defined by the education system, enrolled in primary or secondary school, expressed as percentage of the total number of children of that age.
- (69)Literacy rate, adult total(percent of people with ages 15 and above)
- Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life.
- (70)World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI)
- KEI measures the degree to which a country uses knowledge efficiently to improve its economical development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of development of a country or region towards the knowledge economy.